Editorial

Patrick D Bellegarde-Smith, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Two men are vying to control Haiti after President Jovenel Moïse’s July 7 assassination, creating more turmoil for a...

Michael Toole, Burnet Institute While Australians may be focused on the havoc the Delta variant is wreaking on our shores, Delta is in fact driving...

There are no shortages of references, including academic research papers, how-to-books, or philosophical concepts describing the qualities of effective leadership; however, there is one...

Tobias Nyumba, University of Nairobi Kenya is constructing a railway line that connects the coastal port of Mombasa and the interior of the country. It...

Somaliland was amongst the seventeen African countries that attained their independence in 1960, “The Year of Africa.” A former Italian colony, Somalia merged on...

Christian Ungruhe, Erasmus University Rotterdam and Sine Agergaard, Aalborg University Think of your favourite former male football player from Europe. You probably remember beautiful goals,...

The independence of British  Somaliland (north) came into being on 26 June 1960. Five days later, Italian Somaliland (south) attained independence. Both north and south merged for irredentism agenda – to unify five different Somali regions under one ethnic umbrella. The merger of the two territories faced legal obstruction. Both sides signed no identical unifying law. Italian Somaliland never passed an act of union drafted by British Somaliland. Instead, it passed a different act named Atto di Unione, which was substantially different from British Somaliland's original marriage act. According to Rajagopal and Carrol (1992), the act of union law did not have legal validity in southern Somalia, and the subsequent but different passed Atto de Unione was legally insufficient. Therefore, the declaration of independence was legally invalid.

The May 1 vote by Somalia’s caretaker lower house of parliament to scrap the illegal extension of Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed’s presidential term and back fresh elections...